Meet the charming 'snow fairy,' Japan's favorite bird

With its fluffy, pure-white feathers, the Shima Enaga — dubbed the "snow fairy" — has a lot of fans and continues to captured a growing number of hearts online. But what exactly is this enchanting little bird?

The Shima Enaga is a subspecies of the long-tailed t i t (Aegithalos caudatus). In Japan, it is unique to Hokkaido, an island prefecture located in Japan's far north. "Shima" refers to an island in the region. While its relatives are commonly found across Japan, Europe, Central Asia, and East Asia, this particular variety is exclusive to Japan's northernmost region.

The key difference between the Shima Enaga and its relatives lies in its plumage. During winter, the Shima Enaga transforms into a puffball of pure white, living up to its reputation as a "snow fairy." In contrast, other members of the same family in mainland Japan sport black "eyebrows" that give them a slightly different appearance (pictured).

Though exclusive to Hokkaido, the Shima Enaga is not a rare sight. According to local websites, it can often be spotted in city parks and green spaces throughout the island.

With a body length of around 14 centimeters (5.5 inches) and weighing just 8 grams (0.3 oz), the Shima Enaga is even smaller than a sparrow.

The Shima Enaga can be identified by its endearing "chi-chi" calls, which it sometimes pairs with unique, melodic chirps. Before venturing out for birdwatching, familiarize yourself with recordings of its calls — this preparation could make all the difference in spotting one.

These birds live and travel in flocks, often comprising about ten members. They can be seen flitting through trees in search of food or engaging in territorial disputes with other groups.

Even "snow fairies" need sustenance. The Shima Enaga is omnivorous, feeding on tree sap, seeds, and insects. Its favorite snack? Aphids, according to the Sunshine Aquarium’s website.

While the Shima Enaga is confined to Hokkaido, similar birds occasionally stray into other regions. In western Chiba Prefecture, for instance, some long tailed members of the same family resemble their snowy northern cousin.

Beyond Japan, other subspecies with white faces are found in places like China, Eastern Europe, and Siberia. However, the Shima Enaga's status as an online sensation seems to be a uniquely Japanese phenomenon.

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